Indonesia’s coal is mined by a mix of large listed groups, a state-owned company and many smaller producers. The biggest names include Bumi Resources (through Kaltim Prima Coal and Arutmin), Adaro Andalan Indonesia, Bayan Resources, Indika Energy’s Kideco, the Sinar Mas group’s Berau Coal and Golden Energy, and state-owned Bukit Asam. Most of their output is thermal coal for power plants, mined in Kalimantan and Sumatra.
Indonesia produced about 790 million tonnes of coal in 2025, down from about 836 million tonnes in 2024, and exported about 514 million tonnes, according to figures from the energy ministry. That makes it the world’s largest exporter of thermal coal.
Major coal mining companies in Indonesia
| Company | Main operations | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bumi Resources (through Kaltim Prima Coal and Arutmin) | East and South Kalimantan | Among the largest producers by volume |
| Adaro Andalan Indonesia | South Kalimantan | Thermal coal business spun off from Adaro Energy (now AlamTri Resources) in December 2024 |
| Bayan Resources | East Kalimantan | Large thermal coal producer with expansion plans |
| Kideco Jaya Agung (Indika Energy) | East Kalimantan | Long-established thermal coal producer |
| Berau Coal (Sinar Mas group) | East Kalimantan | Major exporter |
| Golden Energy Mines (Sinar Mas group) | South Kalimantan and other regions | Lower-calorific thermal coal |
| Bukit Asam (state-owned) | South Sumatra | Key supplier to Indonesian power plants |
What kind of coal does Indonesia produce?
Most Indonesian coal is sub-bituminous thermal coal. Compared with coal from Australia or South Africa, it typically has:
- Lower to medium calorific value
- Low ash and low sulphur
- Higher total moisture
That profile suits many Asian power plants, especially those designed for it, and the low sulphur helps meet emission limits. Learn more in which coal is best and understanding coal grades.
Where the coal is mined
- East Kalimantan: the largest producing region
- South Kalimantan: many large open-pit mines
- Central Kalimantan and North Kalimantan: growing areas
- South Sumatra: Bukit Asam and other producers
Read about mining and extraction of Indonesian coal.
2026 market notes
- Indonesian thermal coal exports fell from 557 million tonnes in 2024 to 517 million tonnes in 2025, and the IEA expects about 495 million tonnes in 2026.
- Government policy, including production quotas, export taxes and the possible centralisation of exports, adds uncertainty for long-term contracts.
- Indonesian 4,200 kcal/kg coal rose from about $45 to about $66 per tonne FOB between January and August 2026, according to the IEA.
See the price of Indonesian coal for more.
Buying from Indonesian producers
Buying coal directly from a mine is not like buying from a shop. Buyers should:
- Define the specification: calorific value (GAR or NAR), moisture, ash, sulphur and size.
- Confirm who they are dealing with: producer, authorised marketer or trader.
- Agree the price basis, often linked to the Indonesian coal reference price (HBA) or an index.
- Use a recognised bank instrument and independent inspection at the loading port.
Our guide on how to assess coal quality before purchase covers the checks.
Indonesian coal through Agromer
Agromer holds mandates from accredited suppliers for Indonesian thermal coal for power plants and industrial users. Offers are issued against an end-buyer Letter of Intent with the specification, quantity and discharge port. See Indonesian coal and our coal supply page.
Frequently asked questions
Who is the largest coal producer in Indonesia?
Bumi Resources, through Kaltim Prima Coal and Arutmin, is among the largest by volume, alongside Adaro Andalan Indonesia and Bayan Resources. Rankings change from year to year.
How much coal does Indonesia produce?
About 790 million tonnes in 2025, down from about 836 million tonnes in 2024.
What type of coal does Indonesia export?
Mainly sub-bituminous thermal coal with low ash and low sulphur, used in power plants.
Where are Indonesia’s coal mines?
Mostly in East, South and Central Kalimantan, and in South Sumatra.
What documents are needed to import Indonesian coal?
Typically a commercial invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, certificate of analysis and quantity from an independent inspector, and any import licence your country requires.