China is the world’s largest wheat producer, followed by India, Russia, the United States and Canada. China harvested about 140 million tonnes in 2024, according to FAO data, while the European Union as a bloc produced about 119 million tonnes. For 2026, FAO forecasts world wheat output at 813.9 million tonnes, down 3.3% from the exceptionally large 2025 harvest.
This guide ranks the top 10 wheat producing countries with official figures, explains which of them export, and summarises the 2026 market.
Top 10 wheat producing countries in the world
| Rank | Country | 2024 production (Mt) | 2023 production (Mt) | Role in world trade |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 140.1 | 136.6 | Mainly domestic; also an importer |
| 2 | India | 113.3 | 110.6 | Mainly domestic; exports restricted since 2022 |
| 3 | Russia | 82.6 | 92.8 | World’s largest exporter |
| 4 | United States | 53.7 | 49.3 | Major exporter |
| 5 | Canada | 35.9 | 33.4 | Major exporter, high-protein spring wheat |
| 6 | Australia | 34.1 | 28.0 | Major exporter to Asia |
| 7 | Pakistan | 31.8 | 28.2 | Mainly domestic |
| 8 | France | 26.6 | 36.0 | EU’s largest producer and exporter |
| 9 | Ukraine | 22.4 | 21.6 | Major exporter via the Black Sea |
| 10 | Turkey | 20.8 | 22.0 | Large flour exporter; also imports wheat |
The top wheat producers in detail
1. China — 140.1 million tonnes
China grows wheat mainly on the North China Plain, in Henan, Shandong and Hebei. Government minimum purchase prices, high-yielding varieties and irrigation keep output high, but almost all of it is eaten at home, and China also imports wheat in years when quality or stocks fall short.
2. India — 113.3 million tonnes
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the main wheat states. The Minimum Support Price system supports farmers, and the government buys large volumes for public distribution. India restricted wheat exports in 2022, so it plays little part in world trade.
3. Russia — 82.6 million tonnes
Russia’s wheat grows in the South and Volga regions and in Siberia. Output dropped from 92.8 Mt in 2023 after frost and drought, but Russia remains the world’s largest exporter, shipping through Black Sea ports to Egypt, Turkey and many Middle Eastern and African buyers. See Russian wheat exports.
4. United States — 53.7 million tonnes
Kansas, North Dakota, Montana and Washington lead US production of hard red winter, hard red spring, soft red winter, soft white and durum wheat. A large share is exported to Mexico, the Philippines, Japan and other Asian buyers.
5. Canada — 35.9 million tonnes
Saskatchewan, Alberta and Manitoba grow high-protein spring wheat and durum. Canada is one of the largest exporters and the leading durum supplier. See Canadian wheat exports.
6. Australia — 34.1 million tonnes
Western Australia, New South Wales and South Australia produce mostly white wheat for Asian flour mills. Output swings with rainfall: production rose from 28.0 Mt in 2023 to 34.1 Mt in 2024. See Australian wheat exports.
7. Pakistan — 31.8 million tonnes
Irrigated Punjab and Sindh grow most of Pakistan’s wheat, which is almost entirely used at home, with imports in shortfall years.
8. France — 26.6 million tonnes
France is the European Union’s largest wheat producer and exporter, shipping soft wheat to North Africa and the Middle East. Heavy rain cut the 2024 harvest to 26.6 Mt from 36.0 Mt in 2023.
9. Ukraine — 22.4 million tonnes
Ukraine’s fertile black-earth soils make it a major exporter, mainly through its Black Sea ports, to Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey and the EU. War and shipping risk continue to affect its exports.
10. Turkey — 20.8 million tonnes
Turkey grows wheat on the Central Anatolian plateau. It is also one of the world’s largest flour exporters, milling imported wheat for re-export.
Just outside the top 10 are Kazakhstan (18.6 Mt), Germany (18.5 Mt), Argentina (18.5 Mt) and Iran (16.8 Mt).
World wheat market in 2026
- Production: FAO forecasts 813.9 million tonnes in 2026, 3.3% below the exceptionally large 2025 harvest, and raised its forecast in October on better crop conditions in Australia. USDA’s October projection for 2026/27 is 822 million tonnes.
- Consumption and stocks: USDA projects world consumption at 828 million tonnes and ending stocks at 276 million tonnes in 2026/27.
- Trade: FAO expects world wheat trade to fall because constrained Black Sea shipping routes reduce exports from Russia and Ukraine, partly offset by higher shipments from Kazakhstan.
- Prices: the large 2025 harvest weighed on prices, which encouraged more wheat to be used in animal feed in 2025/26.
Largest wheat exporters and importers
Production and exports are very different lists. China, India and Pakistan grow huge volumes but export little. The main exporters are Russia, the European Union (led by France), Canada, Australia, the United States, Ukraine, Argentina and Kazakhstan.
The largest regular importers include Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey, Algeria and the Philippines, with China buying large volumes in some years.
What affects wheat production?
- Weather: drought, frost and heavy rain explain most year-to-year swings, as in Russia, France and Australia between 2023 and 2024.
- Prices and input costs: low wheat prices and high fertilizer costs lead farmers to plant less or cut inputs. See urea fertilizer prices.
- Government policy: support prices, export restrictions and taxes change how much farmers grow and sell abroad.
- Logistics and conflict: Black Sea shipping risk directly affects Russian and Ukrainian exports.
Buying wheat in bulk
Agromer supplies wheat, corn, barley and other agricultural commodities to processors, millers and distributors. For an offer, send the wheat class (for example milling or feed), protein, quantity, preferred origin and destination port. See our agricultural commodities page.
Frequently asked questions
Which country produces the most wheat?
China. It harvested about 140.1 million tonnes of wheat in 2024, according to FAO data, almost all of it for its own market. Counted as a single bloc, the European Union produced about 119.4 million tonnes.
What are the top 5 wheat producing countries?
China (140.1 Mt), India (113.3 Mt), Russia (82.6 Mt), the United States (53.7 Mt) and Canada (35.9 Mt), based on FAO production data for 2024, the latest complete year.
How much wheat will the world produce in 2026?
FAO forecast world wheat production at 813.9 million tonnes in 2026 (October 2026 brief), about 3.3% below the exceptionally large 2025 harvest. USDA projected 822 million tonnes for the 2026/27 season.
Which country exports the most wheat?
Russia has been the world’s largest wheat exporter in recent seasons. In 2026, FAO expects lower shipments from Russia and Ukraine because of constrained Black Sea shipping routes.
Which countries import the most wheat?
Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey, Algeria and the Philippines are among the largest regular wheat importers, buying mainly from the Black Sea region, the European Union, Australia and North America.
Can I buy bulk wheat through Agromer?
Yes, for businesses buying in bulk. Send the wheat class, protein, quantity, origin preference and destination port through the quote request form.